Reflections on the international financial situation




















































Reflections on the international financial situation – Central Banking




Jacques De Larosière writes that markets are blind to Trump’s policy shocks that are fragmenting the monetary ‘system’


Illustration of upward-pointing arrows representing the US, EU, India and China with national flags, symbolizing global economic growth and trade competition

The world economy has recently been hit by two successive shocks. The first was the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020–22. Now, there’s the policy shock of the Trump administration unleashed in 2025. Let’s analyse this latest shock.

It’s an intellectual shock: the Trump administration advocates customs protectionism, whereas economic thought and politics since the mid-19th century had advanced along the path of progress by opening borders. By reverting to the tariffs of 1900 (a level of around 6% on

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Maurice Obstfeld

Maurice Obstfeld on the trade war’s damage to the monetary system

The former IMF chief economist speaks about Trump’s chaotic economic policies, the erosion of Fed independence and dollar stability, difficult policy trade-offs for central banks, and the threat to the Bretton Woods institutions

US dollars

US sanctions may create demand for Eurodollars – NBER paper

Economists compare today’s market to the one that emerged during Cold War era

Andriy Pyshnyy

Fifth review: done. How Ukraine set a record in passed IMF reviews

NBU governor Andriy Pyshnyy says unlocking funding has become a matter of survival for his country

World map with network lines

Small economies still trigger ‘substantial’ spillovers – IMF paper

New data on monetary policy shocks allows economists to track cross-border impact

Green data

NGFS study offers three proposals to help green monetary operations

Report highlights eight case studies, including central banks in China, Japan, the eurozone and UK

Turkish flag and lira

Turkey’s economic odyssey: inflation, lira decline and strategic shifts

Marcello Minenna delves into the damage of 20 years of ‘Erdoganomics’

fran-ois-villeroy-de-galhau-gouverneur-de-la-banque-de-france-hd-1-m-2

ECB should cut rates earlier, says BdF governor

French government has failed to reform since 2015, Villeroy de Galhau says

Book_The ruble a political history

Book notes: The ruble: a political history, by Ekaterina Pravilova

Indispensable reading for anyone interested in Russia and comparative, long-term historical accounts of monetary ideologies and practice

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